How many ds3 in oc 48

SDH carries traffic at synchronous transport mode speeds. OC-1 is generally used as customer access lines. Early-adopter types of customers such as universities, airports, financial institutions, large government agencies, and ISPs — use OC OC-3 speeds are required by end users such as companies in the aerospace industry and high-tier ISPs.

This is another capacity towards which high-tier ISPs are moving. It was originally deployed for the metropolitan area fiber rings built out across cities worldwide, although those rings are now moving to OC This capacity has been deployed for backbone, or core, networks. Today the metropolitan area rings are moving from OC to OC OC is in use for backbone networks. Use of OC is very rare outside of testing or research networks due to the great expense of this transmission speed level.

This is called concatenation , and it puts streams of data into one fat, or high-bandwidth, contiguous stream. For example, OC-1 speeds of 52 Mbps may be used to carry broadcast video. These streams travel contiguously through the network as long as capacity is available. Most applications for concatenation are high-speed data and broadcast-quality video.

More often than not these days, however, the terms DS-x and T-x are used interchangeably. So some people might use the term DS-1 and T-1 to refer to the same thing — a digital transport that can carry 1. A DS-1 is equivalent to a T-1 and has a bit rate of 1. A DS-2 has a bit rate of 6. This is also sometimes referred to as a T-2, or T2. A DS-3 has a bit rate of This is also sometimes referred to as a T-3, or T3.

A DS-4 has a bit rate of This is also sometimes referred to as a T-4, or T4. You are commenting using your WordPress. You are commenting using your Google account. You are commenting using your Twitter account. You are commenting using your Facebook account. Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email. PMO Director. These are my personal thoughts about software development, technology and related topics that interest me. In general, you will find a bias towards project management related issues and lots of talk about interacting with stakeholders or programmers.

I try to present a technical view from a user's perspective. A lower-case "c" in the STS rate stands for "concatenated", and indicates that the interface hardware is not channelized. Loopback — Sets the entire path in the loopback mode. However, a channelized SONET interface maintains the streams as independent frames with unique payload pointers.

The frames are simply multiplexed before transmission to increase the carrying capacity of the physical fiber. This process is similar to multiplexing 24 digital signal level 0 channels into a DS1 or multiplexing 28 DS1 streams into a DS3. Description — Specifies the description of the controller. Framing — Specifies the type of a framing on T1 interface. Loopback — Sets the T1 interface in the loopback mode.

Framing — Specifies the type of a framing on T3 interface. This protection schemes allows a pair of SONET lines or paths to be configured for line or path redundancy. In the event of a fiber cut, the active line or path switches automatically to the standby line or path. The receiving end decides which interface to use. A protection interface serves as the backup interface for the working interface.

When the working interface fails, the protection interface quickly assumes its traffic load. The implementation of the above protection schemes allows a pair of SONET lines or paths to be configured for line or path redundancy. The protection interfaces need to be configured with an IP address of the chassis that has the working interface, using APS commands. The APS Protect Group Protocol, which runs on top of UDP, provides communication between the process controlling the working interface and the process controlling the protection interface.

Using this protocol, interfaces can be switched because of a chassis failure, degradation or loss of channel signal, or manual intervention. In bidirectional mode, the receive and transmit channels are switched as a pair. Non-revertive option — When the signal fails, the software switches to the protection line and does not automatically revert back to the working line.

This is the default option. There is no visibility that a failure has occurred beyond the network element in which it is residing; other nodes are not affected by the failure.

Implementation of APS guards a network against complex restarts and resynchronizations since failures are isolated to a local device.

With APS, the effect of a failure is greatly minimized and a fast switchover guarantees minimal effect on the network. The traffic is simultaneously carried by the working and the protection lines. Bi-directional Protection : The receiving end switches from working to protection line by coordinating at the transmit end.

The highlighted one is the working line and the other is the protection line. The traffic is transmitted on both working and protection lines and received only on one line. In a scenario where you encounter a fiber cut,. There is a cable cut in the working line. NCS chassis 1 receives the K2 byte and reacts on the receiving K2 byte. The protection line now acts as the active line.

NCS chassis 1 receives this signal and starts accepting the data from this new active line. The figure shows a working line and a protection line. The traffic is transmitted on both working and protection line and received only on one line.

The protection line now becomes the active line. NCS chassis 1 receives the K2 byte and knows about switching event on device 2. A Unidirectional Path Switching Ring UPSR is a unidirectional network with two rings, one ring used as the working ring and the other as the protection ring.

The same signal flows through both rings, one clockwise and the other counterclockwise. It is called UPSR because monitoring is done at the path layer. A node receives two copies of the electrical signals at the path layer, compares them, and chooses the one with the better quality.

If part of a ring between two ADMs fails, the other ring still can guarantee the continuation of data flow. UPSR, like the one-plus-one scheme, has fast failure recovery.

Once a signal fail condition or a signal degrade condition is detected, the hardware initiates an interrupt to software that switches from the working path to the protection path. Nonrevertive options are valid for UPSR path protection. When an active link of UPSR and APS is configured on the same interface module and the interface module reloads, the convergence number for UPSR circuits to switch to backup is high ranging — ms.

When each circuit is configured separately, the convergence time is always under 50 ms. The below table gives the maximum number of path level circuits that are supported in each mode. T1 or E1 and T3 or E3 configurations are not supported, and only the OCx-related configuration is supported.

Use the show protection-group command to verify UPSR configuration:. You must select the MediaType controller to configure and enter the controller configuration mode. To restore the system to its default condition, use the no form of the command.

The no ais-shut command will not send AIS. Use the no shutdown command to disable the interface. The controller's state can be up, down, or administratively down. Setup STS1s on the sonet-acr controller. Cem-group placement is done on the logical port.

Remove all provisioning under the sonet-acr controller. This includes cem-group information and mode settings. Shutdown the physical controller setup for Protect, remove aps provisioning and apply no shut controller.

Shutdown the physical controller setup for Working, remove aps provisioning and apply no shut controller. Remove the mode sonet from each physical controller media type to restore the controller to its default setup. To view the statistics or error count generated, use the show controller sonet command:. The show controller tabular enables you to view the performance monitoring details in tabular form as per GRCore standards. To view the performance monitoring details on T3 interface, use the show controller t3 tabular command:.

To view the performance monitoring details on T1 interface, use the show controller t1 tabular command:. DS3 is It depends on the DS3. Are you talking about the gaming system? That is 5. There are many websites where one can find the price of a Citroen DS3. An OC48 bandwidth connection is 2. An OC has 4 x OC3. An OC3 has 2 x DS3.

In total, there will be 12xDS3 in one OC There are 3 DS3's in an OC3. There would be four OC circuits to equal the bandwidth to an OC circuit. An OC12 has a capacity of This is the equivalent to having 12 DS3 lines. This is becoming a more popular choice for commercial bandwidth as demand increases. A DS3 Breaks down to 28 T1's.

Therefore there are T1's on an OC3. There is no direct mapping of E1 to DS3. The only way to connect the two is using an MPLS network. A DS3 is 45Mbps. An E1 is 2Mbps. The bandwidth of CenturyLink and Comcast both offer DS3 internet services. Each retailer offers several different options as far as pricing and service for DS3 internet. T3 is the same as DS3 DS3 is a T-carriers are made of multiple plain old telephone lines, but with many more channels wires for transmission. Log in.