What is nmo disease

A specific biomarker, an autoantibody that targets aquaporin-4, is present in the majority of patients and facilitates the diagnosis.

Detection of this biomarker in serum has enabled recognition of an expanded spectrum of clinical disorders that previously would not have met diagnostic criteria for NMO.

Aquaporin-4 IgG1 autoantibodies are pathogenic and produce lesions of the brain when injected intracerebrally or systemically. The clinical course of NMO is dominated by acute attacks.

The doctor may prescribe a combination of AZT and steroids. The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine may be prescribed for pain, urinary problems, muscle spasms, and stiffness. Carbamazepine is often used with people who have other demyelinating diseases.

Physical therapy , rehabilitation, mobility, and visual aids may also be provided to help return function and ease discomfort if the damage is permanent and the person with NMO experiences ongoing disabilities.

The likelihood of complications and the outlook of a person with the condition depend on the severity of the initial attack and the number of relapses. The age a person is when they first experience the condition also contributes. Relapsing NMO normally leads to permanent vision loss, paralysis, or muscle weakness within 5 years. Respiratory failure as a result of the condition can be fatal in 25 to 50 percent of people with NMO. Burning eyes refers to stinging or irritation of the eyes.

This symptom can be uncomfortable and concerning, but it is treatable. Learn about the…. A chalazion is a small, painless lump that can develop on the eyelid. They usually heal on their own in a few weeks without treatment. What are some common eye problems? Read on to learn more about common eye conditions and tips to help prevent vision loss. Internal styes occur when the meibomian glands become infected. Learn more about their causes and treatment options and when to seek help. Retinitis pigmentosa is a rare genetic condition that affects the eyes, eventually leading to vision loss.

Learn more about how to manage this…. What's to know about Devic's disease? Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, M. Share on Pinterest NMO damages the protective covering of the optic nerve and nerves in the spinal cord. Share on Pinterest Physical therapy can help to increase mobility and ease discomfort. Scientists identify new cause of vascular injury in type 2 diabetes. Adolescent depression: Could school screening help? These may include:. Disability from NMO may become worse over time.

Most people with NMO develop weakness in their arms and legs. Others may have more severe symptoms. Many people with NMO need to start using a ventilator, which is a machine that helps them breathe.

They may also need to work with an occupational therapist or social worker to address their disabilities. If you or a family member is diagnosed with NMO, it is important to build a support system that includes family, friends, professionals, and support groups.

A person with major disabilities may need the support of neurologists who specialize in NMO, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and social services professionals.

Call your healthcare provider if you notice sudden changes or find you require more help than usual, or if you have a change in mood, have symptoms of depression or feelings of suicide. Health Home Conditions and Diseases. There are 2 types of NMO: Relapsing form , which has periodic flare-ups, with some recovery in between. This is the more common kind, and women are far more likely to have this form than men.

Monophasic form , which involves a single attack that lasts a month or 2. Men and women get this type equally. What causes neuromyelitis optica? What are the symptoms of neuromyelitis optica? These are possible symptoms of NMO: Pain in the eyes Loss of vision Weakness or numbness in the arms and legs Paralysis of the arms and legs Difficulty controlling the bladder or bowels Uncontrollable vomiting and hiccups How is neuromyelitis optica diagnosed? Your healthcare provider may do a variety of tests if he or she suspects NMO including: MRI scan of your brain and spinal cord Tests to check on how well your optic nerves are working Samples of your blood and spinal fluid to check for signs of the disease How is neuromyelitis optica treated?